Marketing case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marketing case study - Essay Example The closing technique used by Frank was appropriate and suitable to the given situation because as he had made strong selling points, Abby showed certain objections and tentative questions (â€Å"Trial Close,† n.d.). It was also because Frank May wanted to steer the conversation in the right track, to know his real prospect (Paterson, 2006). When the time the customer had come up into a decision, the commitment had been obtained (â€Å"Closing techniques,† n.d.). The future close is a closing technique wherein the closing of the transaction could be in a future date, like â€Å"How much time to you need to think about it Abby? †¦ I know you can’t decide right now, what do you think?† Another method is adjournment close, which basically refers to the consideration of time being offered for the prospect to think, like â€Å"Being the senior purchasing director of Moor International, I know this decision is very relevant to you, I’ll give you time to consider about this. Can I count to it?† Conditional close is about giving conditions when objection occurred from the prospect in order to make a purchased of the product/service, like â€Å"The 50% I guess is only an estimation, if I can figure out the exact percentage of site that needs the scanner, will you choose our product?† A. Selling benefits not features – Frank’s performance was unsatisfactory for he was actually selling the features of the company and not the benefits the prospect can get. He said they had built the finest engineering staff over the past 5 years, what’s in it for Moore? He should refer on what the system can do for Moor because the expenditure can be justified by the benefits but not on the function. B. Using trial closes – The performance was good for he successfully performed the trial close technique with Abby. He responded on the objections and immediately closed the conversation. The good performance in using the trial close method made by Frank increased his performance. C.

Analysis of Whipps Cross Hospital Essay Example for Free

Analysis of Whipps Cross Hospital Essay Waltham Forest is one of the busiest areas in London. The main reason behind this comes from the big hospital called Whipps Cross; serving a large community of approximately 225,000 people it makes it difficult for the approximately 2488 hospital to keep track of every single patient. There for I am going to create a database for the hospital staff to be able to store, delete, search and edit data about the patients as well as the doctors. This will help the hospital to keep track of the patient, for example, their latest treatment that they had, and what doctor they saw last etc. The hospital database will be accessible to all staff or workers in the hospital. My database will also be used to produce report and respond to particular queries (question/ comments) that the doctors may have about patients. However before I start my database I will need the following information: OUTLINE In this section I am going to outline the headings that I will be including in my database; this will store information about staff (doctors) and patients of the hospital. Database: A database is a collection of data that is organised so that its contents can easily be accessed, managed and updated. The most prevalent type of database is the relational database, a tabular database in which data is defined so that it can be reorganized and accessed in a number of different ways. A distributed database is one that can be dispersed or replicated among different points in a network. Advantages * Reduced data redundancy * Reduced updating errors and increased consistency * Greater data integrity and independence from applications programs * Improved data access to users through use of host and query languages * Improved data security * Reduced data entry, storage, and retrieval costs * Facilitated development of new applications program Disadvantages * Database systems are complex, difficult, and time-consuming to design * Substantial hardware and software start-up costs * Damage to database affects virtually all applications programs * Extensive conversion costs in moving form a file-based system to a database system * Initial training required for all programmers and users (http://www.cl500.net/pros_cons.html) Tables: I am going to have two tables first table to get the details about the staff of Whipps Cross Hospital and the second table for the patients in Whipps cross hospital. For each table I will have different columns in which I will have suitable fields for instance for the first table I will put the doctor name and just say if there are 20 doctors working I will put all of their names, address, gender, date of birth, salary and staff ID etc. I will then store this information onto the computer. So altogether their will be six rows. For the second table for patients I will put the patients name in the first field, gender in the second field, then the address in the third field and their date of birth in the fourth field etc Forms: == A form is like a blank document witch allows you to enter information into the database. I will need the forms in my database as this will narrow my search when I am finding out information about the staff and the patients in Whipps cross hospital. I will also give each field its suitable form to access the information required. I will create a separate form for each doctor and patient in Whipps Cross Hospital so the information dont get mixed and makes it less complicated to store. The forms can also be used as a back up file. -Types of forms that I will be including in my database: o Names of staff and patients in alphanumerical form o Gender (M/F) in alphanumerical form o Address in alphanumeric form o Date of birth in integer form o Salary for the each staff member ($) money o Staff ID number (six digits) -in integer form Queries: This is a selection of data from the table in a database and a single query can extract data from different tables. It searches particularly information that is already stored on the database and will allow the hospital to use it for research + to make reports of their findings. A query is an inquiry into the database using the SELECT statement. A query is used to extract data from the database in a readable format according to the users request. For instance, if you have an employee table, you might issue a SQL statement that returns the employee who is paid the most. This request to the database for usable employee information is a typical query that can be performed in a relational database. (http://www.informit.com/articles/article.asp?p=29661rl=1) As from the definition it suggests that its the selection of data, I will design two tables one for the staff and other one for the patients in Whipps cross hospital so with the help of both tables the Whipps Cross can run a query to specific information about the patient or the doctor. The query can also be used under one table as, if the hospital only needs to find the patients information. A query is useful because it will allow me to extract specific information from the database. Whipps Cross Hospital can just run the queries and check if there database is working effectively it will save there time and make things easier to find and store. Reports: Producing information on a database in a form of a report data base will produce reports about the doctors and the patients e.g. patients information report, the doctors salary record etc. It will also produce results on a database in a presentable form. After making query database will produce the report for them in which it will be the information of one/two tables. This will be easier for Whipps Cross to translate the information. SUB TASK Design: I am designing a database for Whipps Cross Hospital to store their stuff and patients information under. Im going to design a database that will consist of two tables, one for the staff and the other one for the patients. EXAMPLE -For the staff: STAFF Surname John Forename Simon Gender (M/F) M D.O.B 04/05/1972 Address 31 Carlton Road, E17 5ET, Walthamstow, London Salary 30,000 per year ID number J17672 -For the patients: PATEINT Surname Jodi Forename Simon Gender (M/F) F D.O.B 06/08/1985 Address 9 farmer road, E10 5ST, Leyton, London NHS number 6314518420 History hepatitis B Implementation: At this point I will be making my database. I would like to use Delphi software which I can access to find the information about the staff or the patients on my computer, but the school does not pervade us with this software so there for I will be using Microsoft access to design my tables and the database or I can even use Microsoft excel to make the database. This is because the school dont have the appropriate software which they have in hospitals and this is the appropriate one. It is easier to use and it dont take a lot of space in the computer Testing: I will test my work by adding appropriate information and appropriate codes using Microsoft excel or Microsoft access for example: For the staff ID I had maximum range of number from 1000 to 20,000 so I can put six digits Id for the staff and I will make sure that these six digits should be between 1000 and 20,000 and for testing purpose I will put a number less than 1000 and greater then 20,000. So when I do this if the error occurred or I tried to put more then six digit ID the database will automatically reject the value so I will have to put another ID to test my work. When I will put the right values my database did work so this shows that my database is working perfect. This is one of the example which I have used from my report to show that what will happen if I will have number less than1000 or more then 20,00 in my database the computer will automatically reject those values and if I have more then 6numbers in my ID it will also reject it. In the case with fixing these errors I will have to make corrections in the structural mode of tables. All this means that when I will be making my table I will put the staff ID in the structural mode. So when I will need to change the data I cant directly change from my report or the inquiry I will have to go in structural mode to change this information. I can also produce a number of recodes and run queries to see if the results are accurate. Evaluate: I will evaluate my work by showing each step and explaining how I achieved this and all the errors and complication that I had. How I can improve my database. I will also explain the things which went right or wrong. INPUTS The data will be put into 2 tables, one for the staff and one for the patient. It will have different field names because there are 2 different sets of people. This will be the information that I will be putting into the database or the FIELDS.STAFF For the staff table: For the patients table: OUTPUTS How the data will be presented once it has come out of the computer; I will present my information in the form of table, reports and queries. SUCCESS CRITERIA In order for the database to be successful, I will measure the success of my data by running queries. Also, I will see if the correct information is displayed, this will tell me if it is a success and if it works proper.My database must contain information about Whipps cross hospitals staff and patients so it makes it easier for them to store and keep track of all the staff and patients so it makes it easier for Whipps Cross to store and keep track of all the stuff and patients. My database needed to be used friendly, it needs to have no spelling mistakes and it should have no gaps.

Invasive plants Essay -- Native Plant Species, Environment

Since we are accustomed to a life full of modern conveniences, it is important to remember that human survival still depends on the planet's natural diversity. Pennsylvania has 25,000 species of plants and animals, with more than 2,100 being native (IConserve, 2007). It is critical to appreciate the sustainable use of these natural resources that influence our beautiful state’s economic health and quality of life of all Pennsylvanians. Yet many threats to our home’s biodiversity are present. One significant threat is invasive plant species that are eliminating native plant species. Invasive plants are plants which grow aggressively, spreading and displacing other plants (Ball, 2002). Whether it is intentional or not, they are often introduced by humans. On the other hand, native plants are pants that existed within Pennsylvania before European settlement. Because they are meant to grow here, they are quite beneficial to the environment as well as people (Fell 19 95). In order to preserve Pennsylvania’s health and natural beauty, it is essential to control the growth of invasive plant species while supporting the growth of native plant species. When Pennsylvania was first settled in the 1600’s by William Penn, abundant plants covered about 90% of the state (IConserve 2007). All of these plants are considered to be natives because they existed in the area before human settlement. Unfortunately, due to human interactions with nature, the landscape has changed significantly over time. Many plants that once defined Pennsylvania have been lost; however, this problem can be reversed to some extent. By 2000, five percent of Pennsylvania’s native plant species had been lost and another twenty-five percent were in danger o... ...s that are invasive and controlling or destroying any invasive species. These plants are adaptable and grow well under a wide range of conditions and therefore have a much better chance of thriving. It is also important to use fertilizers in moderation because high nitrogen often stimulates the aggressive growth of plants (Fell, 1995). Planning land management is also important. Weekly mowing is important for the maintenance of lawns and weeding is important for gardens. Pennsylvania’s meadows should be mowed annually and woodlands should be monitored for the need to remove invasive plant species (Ball, 2001). Unfortunately, invasive plants are causing problems not only in Pennsylvania, but all across the country (Invasive Plants: Silent Invaders, 2004). It is essential that efforts are made in order to keep this plant crisis from deteriorating further.

Nickelodeon in Latin America

Taran Swan had successfully launched Nickelodeon in Latin America. Would Swan be able to continue leading the team from New York? Or would it be better to appoint an interim director, and if so, whom? 1) Appoint a current member of the team as interim director †¢Swan knows her team member’s work ethics. They all know about each others projects. †¢Who should she choose? 2) Appoint third party individual as interim director †¢Third party with unattached opinion and new view. Hard to find a person, interview him, etc. 3) Divide responsibilities among current team members †¢Previously divided the Vice President of Marketing between Friedman and McCarty. †¢Valuable because joint partnership with two opinions instead of one. †¢But can lead to communication problems. †¢The position would have to be approved by Corporate, which can be a long process. 4) Continue serving as director remotely from New York †¢Swam has already successfully led her t o team through many challenges. Virtual meetings pose a problem. †¢Swan’s assistant, Sonia Schwarz, could continue acting as her â€Å"point person. † †¢Most work required the staff to travel to Latin America to work on deals with local offices in Argentina, Mexico, and Brazil. †¢Without Swan’s guidance, will her team still have the same energies? †¢Swan’s and her baby’s health is still unpredictable. Recommendation I recommend that Swan should continue to lead Nickelodeon Latin America from New York.She has successfully led her team through many challenges, and she cannot quickly find a person to take her place. She should mitigate risks and ensure there this a â€Å"back up† person incase anything would to happen to her. However, I think her relocating would pose as a minimal problem to her team as nowadays, many things can be done virtually, and people are already used to working with other team members through virtual means.

Is there a midlife crisis Essay

As a man approaches middle age a number of factors converge that tend to disrupt his previous modes of experiencing himself. For some men, this stress may culminate or be expressed in a â€Å"midlife crisis. † This crisis has been variously described as a pervasive sense of alienation from one’s own being in the world, unidentified or misunderstood feelings of anxiety or depression, and/or physical symptoms expressive of psychic distress. In an attempt to bring some order to conflicting reports about the experience of people entering middle age, we reviewed the existing literature. A lack of consensus soon became apparent. Some writers argued that a midlife crisis was a universal experience in male development; others suggested that men reached their peak of self-actualization at this point. Looking at the literature more closely, we saw that the research findings seemed to depend upon which methods were used and in which culture the middle-aged population was being studied. Psychoanalysts, psychiatrists, and other writers working with clinical data often see a middle-age crisis as universal – a developmental inevitability. Levinson proposes, as did Jaques and others, a developmental sequence, with a period of midlife crisis, which â€Å"exists in all societies, throughout the human species, at the present stage of human evolution† (Sifford 1983). More recently, theorists like Slater, Laing, and Henry have focused on the alienating effects of socialization into a culture based on denial, distortion, and repression. Culture, that is, works to deny and distort what is most human in us. Regardless of whether we see midlife crisis as a consequence of social structure or culture, many theorists tell us that midlife crisis is widespread phenomenon. The impact of historical forces on the life course does not stop with one generation. Each generation encounters a set of historical circumstances that shape its subsequent life history and that generation transmits to the next one both the impact that historical events had on its life course and the resulting patterns of timing. Cultural norms governing the timeliness of life transitions (being â€Å"early,† â€Å"late,† or â€Å"on time†) and norms governing familial obligations also shape individual and collective family timing. In all these areas, historical and cultural differences are critical. Particularly significant is the convergence of socioeconomic and cultural forces. For example, â€Å"middle-age crisis† was a relatively recent invention in popular psychology in American society. It was attributed to middle-class women in particular in describing the problems connected to menopause and the â€Å"empty nest† in mid adulthood. â€Å"Middle-age crises† were not widespread, however. They were a product of stereotypes and a social construction rather than of sociobiological or familial realities. Since the 1970s, a considerable volume of feminist psychological literature has placed â€Å"middle-age crisis† in its proper perspective by exposing the cultural and â€Å"scientific† stereotypes that created the concept (Lawrence 1980). For the process to be fully working, then, we would expect to have evidence from lay accounts that the wider public had accepted and normalised the condition. Further evidence was provided by a Gallup poll survey in 1992 which found that over two-thirds of middle-aged men in the UK believed that there was some indefinable phenomenon called the ‘midlife crisis’. Furthermore, it stated that over half of the sample thought they had experienced a midlife crisis, or were actually having one, at some point between the ages of 40 and 60 (Neustatter 1996:80). Second, a further stage occurred in the United States when the midlife crisis started to appear as a legitimate condition in course material designed for the training of nurses. The psychologist Carl Jung believed that in Western cultures, the midlife crisis of males is rooted in a search for deeper spiritual roots (Marin 2001). From the perspective of male and female roles, there is often a reversal of roles away from the closed/traditional paradigm; that is, the husband moves inward to find strength for the future, and the female moves outward to the work world and career (Morris 1995). Thus midlife men experience the self-doubts, malaise, and concern over issues of a failure of adaptation. External economic changes in the opportunity structure affect changes in the timing of entry into the labour force, and, ultimately, retirement. Institutional and legislative changes, such as compulsory school attendance, child-labour laws, and mandatory retirement, shape the work-life transitions of different age groups and eventually influence their family life as well. People who suffer a midlife crisis in this form see the exciting experience of forward movement as ending with youth and the future as repetition and decay. Some people have midlife crises, but most do not. Crises do occur in midlife, but they are usually caused by a variety of factors, certainly not by chronology alone. We conclude that a more adequate theory of human development must take into account both the socio-historical environment, on the one hand, and internal psychological and biological processes on the other. References Lawrence, B. S. (1980). â€Å"The Myth of Midlife Crisis. † Sloan Management Review, 21(4): 35-49. Marin, Rick. (2001). â€Å"Is This the Face of a Midlife Crisis? † N. Y. TIMES, June 24, [section] 9. Morris, B. (1995). â€Å"Executive Women Confront Midlife Crisis. † Fortune (September 18): 60-86. Neustatter, A. (1996). Looking the Demon in the Eye: the challenge of midlife, London: Joseph. Sifford, D. (1983). â€Å"Midlife Crisis: The Nagging Pain of Unfulfilled Dreams,† Philadelphia Inquirer, October 17, p. 4.

In What Ways May the Lieutenant and the Priest be Compared and Differentiated in Part One of the Novel Essays

In What Ways May the Lieutenant and the Priest be Compared and Differentiated in Part One of the Novel Essays In What Ways May the Lieutenant and the Priest be Compared and Differentiated in Part One of the Novel Essay In What Ways May the Lieutenant and the Priest be Compared and Differentiated in Part One of the Novel Essay Greene has created two fascinating and complex characters. The first part of the novel revolves, most of the time, around these two characters. The whisky priest and the lieutenant may seem to be opposite characters but they share many characteristics which makes the relationship between these two main figures an uncommon and complicated one. In this essay I shall explore the differences and the contrasts between these two characters. The main factor which unites the characters of the whisky priest and the lieutenant is that both characters are dominated by their ideals, that is, both characters not only are willing to die for their ideals, but they are also willing to live solely to fulfill them. The lieutenant believes that he must eliminate the church in order to create a better world. He has very strong motives, these have undoubtedly emerged from his past: he rememberedthe churches of his boyhooddemands made from the altar steps by men who didnt know the meaning of sacrifice. He believes that suffering is the path towards a better world, future. The lieutenants ideals live on with the essential objective of creating a better world for the future and for the people who have been humiliated and cheated by the church. The lieutenants ideals are clear in the following fragment: All they want is your money. What has God ever done for you?. One factor which differentiates the priest and the lieutenant is the origin of their idealistic-dominated lives; the lieutenant pursues his objective because of hate and moral obligation: The new children would have new memoriesIt infuriated him to think that there were still people in the state who believed in a loving and merciful God. Whilst the ideals which the priest represents were born out of ambition and continued to live on inside him with the same forces: power and money: he had ambitionHe talked for a long while, enjoying the sound of his own voice Although later on the priest follows his ideals because just by living on he represents the opposite and necessary pole of the lieutenant. The priest is obliged to keep living on for his religion dictates that he must never take his own life and it seems to the reader that if it were the priests decision he would definitely have committed suicide. The lieutenant on the other hand has not the obligation to keep on living nor is he compelled to go further with the persecution. This is one of the most definite contrasts between the two characters. The fact that the priest is obliged to keep on living in suffering and in the opposite way of how he lived not only adds to the constant irony of the book but it also helps to undermine the faulty and sinful life which the priest use to have: He thought with envy of the men who had died: it was over so soon. The priests suffering redeems his shameful life and helps the reader become more sympathetic with this character. Greene makes the characters ironically similar and different. He does this in some ways to alter our perceptions of what can be judged or how we can judge. Ironically the lieutenant lives like the priest should live according to catholic teachings whilst the priest lives in the opposite way in which he should. Definite proof of the priest-like life of the lieutenant can be found in the following passage: there was something of a priest in his intent observant walkHe was a mystic toohe felt no need of women. The priest on the other hand has many sins, he does have a weakness for flesh, he is an alcoholic and he was initially, in the past, interested in money above religion. It is very difficult to judge in terms of who is nobler, it is clear that the lieutenant has more control over his actions and person and that although he is essentially looking for power, he has adopted a cause which he is convinced will make the world better. The priest stands up against violence and murder but h e began as a priest looking for power and money and he was not convinced by the catholic cause, he was simply searching for a better life for himself. Who is nobler, he who lives according to his ideals because he believes? Or he who lives according to his ideals because it is the simplest choice in life? The answer seems evident in this novel, but it is not. Greene manages to create an atmosphere were one is forced in the end to become sympathetic to one character even though the sins are always present. Even though the priest lives on without being a firm believer since the begging of his priesthood, we do feel more sympathetic with him. A possible answer is the obvious difference amongst the two characters: ideology. And the other which I believe is much more important is the methods through which they pursue their objectives. Although it is very probable that the reader is more sympathetic to the priests religious ideals I feel that the readers will be much more compelled by the obliged pilgrimage which not only puts his life in danger but which also lights the scattered candles of hope throughout the book. A significant contrast between the characters is the fact that one of the two seems to be much more human than the other, subsequently we feel more identified with this character. The lieutenant has no sympathy at all with the weakness of the flesh, he kills indiscriminately and much less of his past is revealed, as if he had been born just as the persecutions had began, he embodies the persecutions. The priest on the contrary has weaknesses, he fears, he suffers, he has had temptations and above all he has compassion for the half-hearted and the corrupt. The priests compassion and weaknesses make him more human, and thus make us share more sympathy for him even though he does not suit our idea of a good priest. The most primitive comparison between these two characters is that the lieutenant is willing to kill the priest out of hatred whilst the priest feels compassion for the type of person the lieutenant is. This is the most definite difference amongst these two entwining characte rs. In conclusion, these two dark question marks remain being a mystery individually at the end of the first part, but if seen as a whole one may discover that the two characters need each other to exist as they do. The priest needs the persecution to become a real priest worthy of our sincere sympathy whilst the lieutenant needs of his prey to have a vehicle to save the future generations. And though completely opposite in many aspects, one cannot draw a line across either of them without inevitably understanding the fundamental ways in which they exist and thus in which they are similar.

Economic Loses & Policy of Economic Boycott essays

Economic Loses & Policy of Economic Boycott essays The fragile and juvenile nation of the United states suffered economic losses duration of European warfare. The U.S. wanted and had to keep their commercial economic relations with Britain and France because they did not want to economically crumble and fail as a new nation. However, a U.S. ship trading either with Britain or France could be seized by the other. To destroy and corrupt Englands economy, Napoleon had begun a system, the Continental System where France set up blockheads and took over ships and vessels in European parts if they first stopped in Great Britain. Britain was very unpleased by this and retaliated by setting a series of blockheads on Napoleons ports and seize cargo intended on going to Europe. Unfortunately for France and Britain neither had enough power to actually to destroy or shut down every major port, so the blockheads were mainly used to capture U.S. ships. These two nations ended up capturing 1500 American ships between 1803 and 1812. Also, Britain started to seize more vessels than the French because they won the battle of Trafalgar in 1805. With all this going on President Thomas Jefferson initially attempted to win respect for American neutrality by an economy boycott, a policy that banned trade with Europe. This affected the newly established nation of America in the years 1807-1812. This policy was of course anti-federalist. Jefferson urged the U.S. Congress to pass an act called the Embargo Act of 1807. This act prohibited ultimately all U.S. commerce and trade within European borders. During 1808-1809 also prohibited overland trade with British and Spanish possessions in Canada and Florida. Fortunately this act did stop the seizer of U.S. ships, but it had drastic side effects on American economy in 1807-1812. With all this in mind the Non-Intercourse Act was passed in 1809. This act only restricted trade with France and Britain, but Macons Bill No.2 turned the tables arou...

How to Create a Dynamic Table of Contents

How to Create a Dynamic Table of Contents How to Create a Dynamic Table of Contents in Microsoft Word Whenever you write a longer paper, particularly a thesis or dissertation, you’ll need to include a table of contents. If you like doing things the slow way, you could type this out manually and painstakingly modify it every time you make a slight change to a subheading. However, there’s an easier way: Use Microsoft Word’s â€Å"Style† options to create a table of contents that can be updated at the click of a button! How to Modify Styles The â€Å"Styles† menu can be found on the â€Å"Home† tab in MS Word. To create a table of contents, the styles we need are labeled â€Å"Heading.† MS Word comes with a number of default â€Å"Heading† styles (e.g., â€Å"Heading 1,† â€Å"Heading 2†). To customize these â€Å"Heading† styles: Pick the â€Å"Heading† you want to change. Right-click and select â€Å"Modify.† In the new window that opens, pick the formatting options required. Click â€Å"OK.† Alternatively, you could apply formatting to one heading or subheading, select the formatted text, right-click the â€Å"Heading† style in the menu and select â€Å"Update to Match Selection.† This will change the style to match the highlighted text. Applying Your Headings To apply customized headings, go through each heading and subheading in your paper and click the required style. If you change the â€Å"Heading† style after this, all the headings that use this style will be updated automatically. It’s often a good idea to distinguish between different headings and subheadings. You can do this by using a different â€Å"Heading† style for each level. For example, each chapter heading could be formatted using â€Å"Heading 1† and an 18pt font, while subheadings could use â€Å"Heading 2† and a 16pt font. Creating Your Table of Contents Once you’ve formatted your headings and subheadings, it’s time to create a table of contents. On PC, follow these simple steps: Place the cursor where you want your table of contents to appear. Go to the â€Å"References† tab. Click on â€Å"Table of Contents.† Select â€Å"Automatic Table 1.† This will create an automatic table of contents (including a title saying â€Å"Contents†) using the first three â€Å"Heading† styles. If you want to customize your table of contents, click â€Å"Custom Table of Contents† instead. On Mac, the process is slightly different: Place the cursor where you want your table of contents to appear. Go to the â€Å"Document Elements† tab. Click on one of the options in the â€Å"Table of Contents† menu. Both Mac and PC versions of MS Word feature an â€Å"Update† or â€Å"Update Table† button next to the â€Å"Table of Contents† menu. This allows you to quickly update your table of contents (either the whole thing or just the page numbers) after making amendments to your document.

CONTRACT MANAGEMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

CONTRACT MANAGEMENT - Essay Example For instance, during the post period of World War II, various political agreements were formulated and implemented with the intention of reducing or eliminating trade barriers amid nations. In this respect, General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs (GATT) was recognized to be the most effective trade policy for the US towards increased trade opportunities in the global periphery (US Department of State, 1999). It was also in this period that development of technology became quite apparent and swerving as it was perceived to minimize the distance among countries as well as reduce geographical constraints; thus, facilitating better trade in the international context (Schmidt, 2001). The progress in telecommunication technologies also facilitated with better communication opportunities for better exchange of goods and information amid countries. The advancement of technology was also identified to improve the transportation services between countries for effective conveyance of goods throu gh international trade. ... Moreover, the discussion will also emphasize on the impact the changes in trade and technology have on contract management even in the current era. Changes in Trade and Technology after the World War II which are affecting US Corporations In the post World War II period, it was observed that trade agreements have been formulated by policymakers with the intention of minimizing or eliminating trade barriers amid countries. Apparently, there was rapid development in trade activities and technology since the post period of World War II. Since then, the US has been committed towards the achievement of free trade opportunities with the objective of developing its economic stability and political growth. The open trade activities were further expected to facilitate the country in developing its economy as well as building healthy relationship amid nations. It was also observed in this context that the US was more concerned about trade liberalization with the aim of conducting trade activit ies with minimized barriers among countries. In order to acquire a liberalized trade policy, the US further formulated GATT with the intention of reducing trade barriers which was signed by 23 countries in the year 1948. The ‘Free Trade Agreement’ also initiated after World War II, i.e. North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) again facilitated the US corporations to perform their business operations in worldwide market segments with minimized trade restrictions. As a consequence, the rapid expansion of international trade activities increased market competition among corporate sectors of the US minimizing the inflation pressure for protecting the domestic

Part 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Part 3 - Essay Example The swimming exercise lengthens the lower and upper body. The stretching that one does using their arms and legs pushes the swimmer through the water. The safety in the water is high since there is no impact involved. This security reduces the risk of getting injured in the course of swimming, making it a safe and efficient exercise for joint flexibility. It is a necessary activity when one requires stretching shoulder and elbow joints in the arm and muscles and joints of the legs. The third exercise for improving flexibility in the joints of the body is stationary rowing. This exercise involves making movements with the upper body as if one is rowing a boat. This exercise is a cardiovascular one and extends and contracts all the muscles and joints of the lower and upper body. This training is necessary for improving the knee, shoulder and elbow joints. The fourth exercise is Pilates. It engages the abdominal muscles and improves the mobility of joints. The shallow and profound breaths that take place during Pilates promote flexibility and relaxation. This exercise is necessary for improving the range of motion in one’s joints (Watkins, 1988). Watkins, R., & Buhler, B. (1988). The water workout recovery program: Safe and painless exercises for treating back pain, muscle tears, tendinitis, sports injuries, and more. Chicago: Contemporary

Family concept Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Family concept - Essay Example Even today, a large number of sick people choose to recuperate from their illnesses at home. It is only when they develop severe symptoms that they feel compelled to visit hospitals. According to Berbiglia (2011) only 5% of all the elderly people are permanent members of institutions. Families are also in the best position to nurse their sick. This is because most people live with at least one family member. This means that family members are in the best position to provide care since there is no cost involved. Families readily accept responsibilities for realizing the self-care of different family members who may fall ill (Casida, Peters and Magnan, 2009). Governmental as well as non-governmental organizations also realize the significance of families in dispensing healthcare services as they often invest resources in them that allow for the family members to be able to conduct self-care responsibilities. A family in any community is responsible for supplying its individual members with certain resources that are necessary for healthy living such as security, clothing, food, shelter, and the right to medical care. Additionally, family-centered health care is based on the notion that the family is the sick person’s main source of support as well as strength. ... Is it the most helpful concept for considering family in nursing practice? Why? Nurses can utilize family strengths as a basic system to encourage the formation of healthy and strong relationships between family care takers and patients. Some of the strong family –related attributes include appreciation and affection, communication, strong spiritual counseling and support, and psychological support when dealing with mental or physical illnesses. With these types of family strengths, nurses can assist a family’s members to identify their hopes and visions for the future and concentrate on them instead of pondering over the issues that likely led to family problems (Casida, Peters and Magnan, 2009). Orem’s theory of self care is a theory that addresses the different types of care that can be provided for a sick person by his or her family. Which of the theories presented in your readings this week is conducive to your area of practice and why? There are three syste ms that are found in the Orem theory: the compensatory structure, in which the nurse is completely in charge of all the care activities associated with the patient, the partial compensatory model, where the patient is able to be responsible for self-administering some care options, and the educative-development model, in which the whole responsibility of overseeing care options falls on the patient and the nurse merely acts in the capacity of a consultant. In Orem's theory of nursing, the family is conceptualized from three perspectives: a) as a dynamic that conditions a person's need for care and capacity to provide care for him or herself b) as a dependent unit of care c) as a service unit. In this theory, nurses recognize that the

A Friend in Need Is Friend Indeed Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

A Friend in Need Is Friend Indeed - Essay Example Broken houses and schools, gaping cracks in the land, blocked tracks with land slide and the stench of human flesh when you pass through an area, where there "used to be" a settlement, were the sights which had for the time being overpowered the beauty of the Nature. During John's initial deployment, while driving through the area seeing dead bodies of men, women and children, half visible and half buried in the debris of the accommodation, which they once thought to protect them from the hazards of weather, were a common site. John could not realize the beauty of the area due to these gory sights for almost six months. Then he was provided with an assistant Akbar. He was a local lad. 30 years of age, 5 ft 7, thin built, fair complexion and a sea of wretchedness in his eyes. Eyes do really say a lot. It was as if there had also been an earth quake in the eyes of Akbar which demolished all the foundations on which the palace of hope of better life is built. John noticed that his eyes only sparkle when they suddenly starts getting wet, sometimes talking with him and at times just sitting beside him looking around when they were driving through the area. John was sure that Akbar was the one whose life had been permanently and irreversibly shaken by the earth quake almost a year back. John was not sure how many times he wanted to ask about the back ground of Akbar. There were many questions keep coming to his mind. Did Akbar lose his loved ones in the earthquake How he thinks about the life now How he is managing his shock Does he require help Was there any way John can help him Was there any way he can bring back the sparkle in his eyes which was a common thing in any one's eyes who longs for life There seem to be thousands of more questions coming in the mind of John. All these questions keep on resonating in his mind, urging him to inquire, pressing him, teasing him and always making him feel as if his mind is occupied. Initially they come one by one, one questi on leading to another then another then another but soon their speed increase and they follow with such speed that John loose their comprehension and then they all merge into one big question "Should John ask Akbar about his past" Always there used to be two answers, one part of John saying "Yes" because Akbar was his partner and knowing his past was his moral obligation. The other part saying "No" as it will remind Akbar about his grief, increasing the dampness and quietness in his eyes and character. Which part to hear And which part was right Was not yet decided by John. On 20 April 2007, John along with Akbar was moving in the area on a jeep. It had just stopped raining. Both were sitting quietly. John was driving and enjoying the local beauty, it seemed that entire area had taken a bath and was looking fresh and pompous. While moving on the track, on one side were the mountain and the other 20 feet down below a stream flowing. The noise of stream could be heard as soon as the rain stopped as if it was requesting the clouds to give more of its basic ingredient. Every now and then the rain starts pouring down heavily (as if fulfilling the request of stream) and making sound on the roof of the jeep to an extent that John and Akbar could not talk, if at all they tried. But Akbar was not at all interested in talking as always. Giving short and crisp answers to any inquiry made by John. As they

Macdonald's Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Macdonald's - Term Paper Example It has been recognized that such grave issues tend to hamper the overall effectiveness of the organization. In order to resolve the issues, it is quite significant for the company to revise its strategies. It must also desire to focus upon the creation of sound incentive structures. It is also imperative to enhance the working condition of the employees. Top management needs to play an active role in this regard. Position The company that has been chosen for the study is McDonald’s Corporation. It is considered to be one of the biggest food chains in the globe pioneering in hamburger fast-food based restaurant. It is based in the United States, though McDonald’s has a global presence as at present the restaurant chain is operating in over 100 nations. In various places of the world where the company operates, it is either run by a franchise, an associate or the corporation itself. The company sells numerous products such as hamburgers, French fries along with chicken an d other breakfast item (McDonald’s, â€Å"Mission and Values†). McDonald’s mission statement aims at becoming one of the favorite places for the consumers. Its worldwide branches and subsidiaries have been linked with the global strategy which is known as ‘Plan to Win’. ... It believes in the fact that for the purpose of attaining success it is quite significant to have a trained workforce belonging to diverse backgrounds working in an environment as a team. The company assists its customers to build improved societies, endorses Ronald McDonald House contributions and thus these aspects positively impact upon their size, scope as well as possession to make the world a healthier place (McDonald’s, â€Å"Mission and Values†). The vision statement of the company is to be one of the top service restaurants offering speedy services to the customers. It wants to offer its customers with best quality, service, and cleanliness and value (McDonald’s, â€Å"Mission and Values†). McDonald’s is a business entity which is famous for its burgers and meals. The business of the company has been extended all over the world. The major stakeholders of the company are customer, employees, managers, financiers, and suppliers along with com munities in which it operates (McDonald’s Corporation, â€Å"The Values We Bring to the Table†). Thesis Statement The main objective of the paper is to discover the problems faced by McDonald’s and to identify the ways through which the problems can be resolved. Sense It can be observed that McDonald’s has been developing and extending its operations all over the globe since past few years. Even though the company seems to be convenient, clean and cheap there are a number of negative aspects related to the company especially its operational procedure. Despite paying the employees of the company with low wages and impacting other culture negatively to a certain extent, it has been observed that the company has been capable of positioning itself as having

A Friend in Need Is Friend Indeed Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

A Friend in Need Is Friend Indeed - Essay Example Broken houses and schools, gaping cracks in the land, blocked tracks with land slide and the stench of human flesh when you pass through an area, where there "used to be" a settlement, were the sights which had for the time being overpowered the beauty of the Nature. During John's initial deployment, while driving through the area seeing dead bodies of men, women and children, half visible and half buried in the debris of the accommodation, which they once thought to protect them from the hazards of weather, were a common site. John could not realize the beauty of the area due to these gory sights for almost six months. Then he was provided with an assistant Akbar. He was a local lad. 30 years of age, 5 ft 7, thin built, fair complexion and a sea of wretchedness in his eyes. Eyes do really say a lot. It was as if there had also been an earth quake in the eyes of Akbar which demolished all the foundations on which the palace of hope of better life is built. John noticed that his eyes only sparkle when they suddenly starts getting wet, sometimes talking with him and at times just sitting beside him looking around when they were driving through the area. John was sure that Akbar was the one whose life had been permanently and irreversibly shaken by the earth quake almost a year back. John was not sure how many times he wanted to ask about the back ground of Akbar. There were many questions keep coming to his mind. Did Akbar lose his loved ones in the earthquake How he thinks about the life now How he is managing his shock Does he require help Was there any way John can help him Was there any way he can bring back the sparkle in his eyes which was a common thing in any one's eyes who longs for life There seem to be thousands of more questions coming in the mind of John. All these questions keep on resonating in his mind, urging him to inquire, pressing him, teasing him and always making him feel as if his mind is occupied. Initially they come one by one, one questi on leading to another then another then another but soon their speed increase and they follow with such speed that John loose their comprehension and then they all merge into one big question "Should John ask Akbar about his past" Always there used to be two answers, one part of John saying "Yes" because Akbar was his partner and knowing his past was his moral obligation. The other part saying "No" as it will remind Akbar about his grief, increasing the dampness and quietness in his eyes and character. Which part to hear And which part was right Was not yet decided by John. On 20 April 2007, John along with Akbar was moving in the area on a jeep. It had just stopped raining. Both were sitting quietly. John was driving and enjoying the local beauty, it seemed that entire area had taken a bath and was looking fresh and pompous. While moving on the track, on one side were the mountain and the other 20 feet down below a stream flowing. The noise of stream could be heard as soon as the rain stopped as if it was requesting the clouds to give more of its basic ingredient. Every now and then the rain starts pouring down heavily (as if fulfilling the request of stream) and making sound on the roof of the jeep to an extent that John and Akbar could not talk, if at all they tried. But Akbar was not at all interested in talking as always. Giving short and crisp answers to any inquiry made by John. As they

Effects Of Offshore drilling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Effects Of Offshore drilling - Essay Example Oil wells are regularly high rise size articles many feet beneath the surface. They are greatly mind boggling structures and the scarcest misstep might be annihilating to natures turf. When boring can start, exploratory wells are situated up to discover the accurate oil gushers. When a spot is found with a sufficient measure of oil, a subsea boring format is placed set up to guide out where the parts of the well ought to be spotted. In the following step, a drill string, which join from the beginning the stage, is utilized to make gaps in the sea depths. At the point when the opening is profound enough, metal channel packaging is situated up around the dividers of the gap to stabilize it. Finally, a conductor funnel is placed set up to keep spillage from the openings. When petroleum is hit, preparation packaging is established to permit the oil to be pumped to the surface. (George et al. 13-23) More down home oil penetrating will have no impact on the current spike in gas costs. U.S. oil creation is presently at a ten-year high, while gas costs keep on skyrocketing. A year ago alone, oil processing expanded more in U.S than in any viable nation on the planet. Creation in the Outer Continental Shelf developed by more than a third in the previous two years, and preparation in the Gulf of Mexico got 1.6 million barrels of oil for every day a year ago - a record-breaking record. Energy Information Administration projections show that an extension of seaward penetrating wouldnt lower gas costs until 2030, and afterward by just a couple of pennies for every gallon. With just two percent of the worlds saves, the U.S. commitment to the worldwide business sector could never be sufficiently high to essentially adjust world oil costs. Regardless, the House is voting to build seaward oil boring and to debilitate oversight of penetrating operations, utilizing higher gas costs as the affection. These votes

Hardware maintenance for checking the regular running equipments Essay Example for Free

Hardware maintenance for checking the regular running equipments Essay †¢ periodic replacement of hardware resources to keep it according to changing atmosphere (e. g. developmental plan revisions) †¢ system software also requires timely maintenance (fixing bugs, developing newer versions, revisions, etc) †¢ reports must be seriously checked for their correlation with system requirements (creating error logs, testing strategies, performance measures, etc) †¢ Maintenance and updation of system documentation for future reference and updations. Remedial maintenance – It is performed to bring the system to running condition after correcting the hardware or software fault (Mawer, 2000). The remedial service is likely to include: †¢ Create a Help Desk concept which will log and action any reports from the customer in the event of a fault. †¢ On-site or remote login concept of issue resolution. †¢ Engaging a third party service to resolve and manage the resolution. †¢ Updating documentation every time an event has taken place. In this case both the technical and non-technical staff must be made aware of the support strategies so that their response time is optimized for better handling the issues of the customer timely and professionally. 1. Sequence of activities: It includes the activities which must take place in sequence: Activity (Tasks) Duration (Days) Preceded By A Working out the feasibility of the system 1 _ B Collection of information from different groups and creating data flow diagrams 3 A C Internal review of information collected and its validity with the management 2 B D Identifying the relationships between the entities 3 C E Define the degree of interaction between entities 2 D F Creating E-R Model and establishing cardinality ratios with distributed feature taken into account (as the Center has 5 sub locations in the city) 2 D,E. G Identifying Functional dependencies and others and then Normalization of relations 1 F H Converting the normalized relations to tables in database 2 G I Creating primary key and foreign key relationships and implementing business rules using integrity constraints 1 H J Creating interfaces and report generation techniques 3 I K Connecting the database tables with the interfaces and distributing the application to become geographical independent 3 J L Testing the system 2 K M Implementing the system across locations 2 L N Create maintenance plans and documentations 1 L,M. O Final review report after installation 1 L,M,N Advantage to the Bead Bar: The merits of the technology would envelope the very nature of the technology which the enterprise needs to focus. The following are the various advantageous factors: †¢ The Bead Bar would get a global recognition and would be accepted by all. It would create trust and confidence in the eyes of the people. †¢ Having an internet website would make possible that it markets itself to the global pool of the internet and gets accessible quite possibly. Customers can access it online and order for purchase of products and services. †¢ The store would be able to reach a greater domain of customers so that it can be a good source for expanding their business. †¢ The store would require less budget for marketing as the website, in the form of information system would get the direct and indirect marketing done by itself. †¢ It can also reduce the human errors of wrong deliveries and other related factors. Computerized system would make it error-free and would enhance greater satisfaction of service (Hoffer, 2002). †¢ It can also generate revenue by marketing other related companies and their products in their website space. †¢ It can render services to other companies via its website so that other businesses can purchase its products in bulk for their enterprise requirements facilitating B2C model of ecommerce. †¢ Payment systems can be made quite secure so that customers can pay online and are not troubled by the in-hand payments. †¢ The Bar would have enough mechanism to track their product list and its availability so that timely action can be taken to update. †¢ The customers get a greater facility to compare products and judge the best one before taking them. Physically doing so would have taken them a lot of effort and time. Conclusion Bead Bar has taken a right step in the light of technology and it must exploit the very supreme nature of the latest technology. It has taken a great step which would place it above all its competitors and would enhance the very nature of competition. It must also take care of the innovative techniques for getting the customers using the website and the frequent updations that would make efficient handling of the information. The use of information system would make the Jewelry superstore organize and restructure itself so that it is able to depict organizational thought in every activity and would handle every resource productively and optimally. References/Bibliography Barry Mawer (2000). Systems Maintenance. Hoffer A. Jeffrey (2002). Modern systems analysis and design, third edition. Pearson Education Korth (2002). Database Management systems. Navathe Elmasri (2002). Fundamentals of Database systems, fourth edition. Pearson Education.

Wireless Sensor Chip to Protect Wildlife

Wireless Sensor Chip to Protect Wildlife Name : Boyu Yao Summary The basic motivation of implanting the wireless sensor on different animals is that they are illegally being poached killed and smuggled or traded for the medicinal purposes while the authorities have not been completely able to stop this issues. The wireless sensor networks would be developed to cater this issue in which sensors would be implanted in animal that would give the information to the administrators about the animal being attacked. The information would be collected through camera for visual, micro phone for audio, GPs for location and heart rate sensor for getting an idea about the medical or biological symptoms of the animals whose heart rate increases as it senses danger. The information would be sent to the mobile phones connected to the sensor. This can be a really effective and faster way to overcome the issue and also the find out the real culprit behind this illegal poaching of the animals. Points for Extension Information must be given about the total battery life of the sensor and complete device that would be implanted along with the type of battery being used to make sure it is safe and sound as animals go into water. Detailed ways and mechanism of implanting the sensors into the bodies of the animals must be provided as the picture showed the sensor just placed on the head of the animal. Discussion about placing sensor at right place must be provided The network protocols that would be sued for the wireless communication should be illustrated in more detail. Interesting points The idea of getting the information about the health of the animals through measuring the heart was a great idea of getting the physical information The idea for future development of using the solar energy for battery charging along with size reduction is a good way for making device efficient. The connection and information sent to the monitors mobile is the fastest and most interesting way of communication. Student 2 Name : Shashank Student number: N9537112 Topic: Proximity sensors Summary: This presentation gave a comprehensive overview of the proximity sensors starting with the determination of difference between the capacitive and inductive sensors. The sensors function by measuring the changes in the capacity whenever an object comes near to the sensor while the size and the distance of the object hugely determines the changes in the capacitive. The advantage of the sensor is that it does not need to be in physical contact while the low cost and applications over the wide range of the appliances and electronic devices is another fact. The sensor the sensor works by emitting the electromagnetic fields and then measuring the strength of the signals getting back. The changes in capacitance is measured as sensor acts as the one plate of it and the object acts as the other plate of the capacitance.   The capacity of the sensor as just mentioned is closely related to the size and distances. Point needing Extension There must be more information delivered about the mechanism of installing these sensor in different devices More information should be given about the capacitive sensing abilities of these sensors with respect to a specific location. The working of these proximity sensors is not described in detail as well as the actual or real form or picture of the device was not included. Interesting points The fact that the power consumption of these sensors is very low makes them suitable for application in mobile devices having no direct power contact. The sensors work perfectly without the human intervention in the form of physical contact which makes its convenient and safer for use. It can be applied in a variety of device with the various functions like in car parking to avoid collisions and mobile phones to avoid wrong calls and detect touch.

Wedding Speech Delivered by the Groom -- Wedding Toasts Roasts Speeche

Wedding Speech Delivered by the Groom I’ll have to keep this speech short because of my shins . . . Nicola has threatened to kick them I go on too long. The humor here is that you think I’m joking. I’d like to start by thanking you all on behalf of my wife and I, for sharing our special day. Thank you all for your kind wishes, cards and presents. I can’t wait to see how many stick on shower radios we get, and exactly how you wrap a wheelbarrow! Nicola and I have been worrying about this day for weeks and it means a great deal to us that you managed to make it. We hope you are all having a great time. Thank you to Barry and Marilyn for making this day possible. Without their help and support, none of us would be here today. I have to thank them both for bringing up such a beautiful and intelligent daughter, I’ll leave you to argue over which trait comes from who. Thank you t...

Julia Serano, Whipping Girl Book Review

I found this book as disturbing but yet inspiring as well. This book is about a transsexual male to female. Transsexual is a person who has undergone a sex change operation whose sexual identification is entirely with the opposite sex. I could say that the book is disturbing because as I go through words and sentences, images keep showing up in my head. He was discriminated because of his change of sex and his behavior (girly boy). Being discriminated didn't let him to keep being all sad and sorrow. He stopped himself for being let down by people around him. He really is a brave man for writing the book. In this book, he writes about his experience and his feelings. I could not imagine if I was he. I could not imagine what does it feels like to be in his shoe. After reading the book, I was inspired by him. I think that people need to stop judging and stop discriminating. Everyone either transsexual or normal, we need to be treated the same way. Transsexuals are human too. They have feelings and thoughts. They could be hurt just like the normal people. Normal people don't have the rights to bully just because they think that they are more superior to people like them and try to make them feel like they are the outsiders and make them feel inferior. I did some research and found this video on YouTube. The video is about a transsexual woman, Samantha Lauzon. I think he is the first transsexual ever who has to courage to finally speak out about he life. On the video Samantha Lauzon said that he didn't understand his body and thoughts and Samantha Lauzon didn't know what he was doing. As a child he got bullied and attempted suicide. But finally he realized that he was wrong and he finally realizes the need to change in order for him to be happy. And it is true that as time goes by, it gets better. All the things that happened are really sick and sad. People need to know about them and how they feel. Its people’s job to try to understand transsexuals either from male to female or female to male. It is their job to educate themselves. Ending your life is never the answer. Suicide is the permanent answer or solution to a temporary problem. No matter who we are and no matter what we have accumulated and accomplished and what the position are we in our lives, one thing that we need to know and is certain; you will die and only God knows when. In other words, suicide is really a bad way to solve a problem. One thing that people need to know is; we need to be realistic and true to ourselves. There will always be people who judge us for one thing or another. We are rich or poor or tall or short or fat or thin. What matters is our own self-image. How we see ourselves is what matters no matter what gender you are. To keep a healthy outlook and know that no matter what anyone says you were in fact meant to be here on this earth right now right here just the way you are. Trans, Gay,? Bi or anything. What makes you different makes you special believe that and pass it on the other people.

Descartes Argument for the Existence of Corporeal Things Essay

Methods and Meditations on First Philosophy is a discourse by Rene Descartes, which largely focuses on the nature of humanity and divinity. This essay is a discussion of this discourse, and will summarize, explain and object to various parts of his work. The majority of this essay focuses on Descartes Sixth Meditation, which includes his argument that corporeal things do exist. 1. There clearly exists a passive faculty of sensing and I use it involuntarily. 2. If there exists a passive faculty of sensing within me and I use it, then there exists an active faculty of producing sense ideas, either in me, or in something else. 3. Therefore, there exists an active faculty of producing sense ideas, either in me, or in something else. 4. God has given me a great propensity to believe that the active faculty of producing sense ideas is in corporeal things. 5. If the active faculty of producing sense ideas is not in corporeal things then God is a deceiver. 6. God is not a deceiver 7. Therefore the active faculty of producing sense ideas is in corporeal things. 8. If the active faculty of producing sense ideas is in corporeal things then corporeal things exist. 9. The active faculty of producing sense ideas is in corporeal things. 10. Therefore corporeal things do exist. Descartes’ argument that corporeal things exist exemplifies his use of, and basis in epistemological foundationalism. To clearly understand how Descartes argument reflects this, we must first explain what epistemological foundationalism is. In his essay, Epistemology, Richard Feldman explains that foundationalism is when, â€Å"The argument is sound. There are basic justified beliefs, and they are the foundation upon which all our other justified beliefs rest† (Feldman 51). He continues this line of thought by saying further, â€Å"All justified nonbasic beliefs are justified in virtue of their relation to justified basic beliefs. † (Feldman 52). In other words, basic justified beliefs allow for other nonbasic beliefs to be justified through their own justification. And it is only through these basic justified beliefs that one can make sound arguments while using a fundamentalist mentality. The nonbasic justified beliefs that are used for argumentation are true only to the point that their supplemental basic justified beliefs are true. With this understanding of foundationalism through Feldman’s work it can be said that Descartes meditations exhibit these features. The argument that Descartes gives for the existence of corporeal things certainly exhibits the features of foundationalism. The method that Descartes used in his meditations was to clearly ground all of his arguments upon basic justified beliefs. This foundation on basic justified beliefs provides Descartes with the ability to come up with further nonbasic justified beliefs, all of which are based upon one of his basic justified beliefs. This is evident throughout Descartes’ argument for corporeal beliefs as he believes that the entirety of his argument lies upon basic justified beliefs. Without the existence of God, Descartes would not be able to justify his beliefs for the existence of corporeal things. The premises that involve God in this argument are all nonbasic justified beliefs, because they all rest upon the foundation that God exits. The justified belief of Gods certain existence that Descartes holds depends upon an argument that does not use any other beliefs. Therefore his conclusion that God exists becomes a basic justified belief for Descartes, and he bases many of his nonbasic justified beliefs upon its foundation. Some of Descartes premises in his argument for the existence of corporeal things clearly rely upon his basic justified belief that God exists. For God to have given Descartes any type of inclination, as Descartes believes is justified in premise four, it is clear that his existence must first be justified. Through his argument for the existence of God, Descartes is able to use his basic justified belief that God exists to affirm his nonbasic justified beliefs through their relation to God’s existence. This implication that Descartes uses for his reasoning is exemplary of foundationalism. Descartes does not use any beliefs that he does not justify through their dependence upon a basic justified belief. For his sixth premise that God is not a deceiver also depends upon this same basic justified belief for it also to be justified. Descartes criteria for what can constitute a basic justified belief must  also be relevant if the justification of his argument lies upon such beliefs. It seems that the goal of Descartes’ meditations was to begin with a clean slate, and from there, distinguish only things that are certain. Descartes method required him to only accept things as true if they are certain. Through Feldman’s definition of foundationalism it is apparent that Descartes method can be considered as such. Descartes primary focus was to find only what is basic, clear, distinct, and justified before further building upon those beliefs. For a belief to be basic for Descartes, it must rely upon no other beliefs. It must then be reliant upon self-evident, completely provable truths to be able to describe which beliefs can be justified through deduction. This is a very basic foundation to begin from and is truly foundationalism at its roots. For Decartes’ meditations the beliefs that he is a thinking thing and therefore he exists is used from the beginning as his first basic justified belief. The first premise in Descartes argument is a basic justified belief. He believes that there clearly exists a passive faculty of sensing and I use it involuntarily. The second premise of the argument raises questions about how this can be a justified belief. Descartes believe that if there exists a passive faculty of sensing within me and I use it, then there must exist an active faculty of producing sense ideas, either in myself or in something else. Descartes is able to justify this belief that there exists two different faculties of sensing, by using the basic justified beliefs about imagination and understanding and the difference between the two. Namely that understanding goes beyond our ability to imagine something, and Imagination seems to depend upon extended bodies. Through these beliefs Descartes is able to conclude that there must be two different faculties of sense ideas. A passive faculty of perceiving sense ideas within me that I use and an active faculty of producing these sense ideas. There is a problem with Descartes’ foundationalism, however. The problem, for Descartes is that, while everything is based upon each other, if one of the beliefs that provides justification to other beliefs is not clearly justified then none of these beliefs can be taken as truths. This not only shakes these beliefs, but, can question the soundness of his whole  argument and any further nonbasic justified beliefs that may arise from the questioned belief. While his argument is valid and seems to be sound, upon further questioning, it may be possible to find that the argument may not be sound. If enough of a doubt can be provided so that one premise seems doubtful, I believe we can call into question the soundness of his whole argument. For Descartes’ fourth premise, it seems as though his only justification for the belief is an inclination supposedly given from God, who supposedly exists. This inclination is that the active faculty of producing sense ideas is in corporeal things. For Descartes, as a foundationalist, to base his premise off of a natural inclination that he has should seem suspicious enough. Descartes supplements his inclination by stating that it comes from God. This is an opportunity to question the base of this premise. How does Descartes reason that this inclination is given from God. â€Å"For God has given me no faculty at all for recognizing any such source for these ideas; on the contrary, he has given me a great propensity to believe that they are produced by corporeal things. â€Å"Through this statement Descartes attempts to justify his premise for this active faculty existing in corporeal things. While I must agree that as humans, we are born with a propensity to believe that the active faculty of producing sense ideas is in corporeal things, it is possible to see that there could be other ways that we have gotten this propensity. Is it possible that we have received this inclination as a disillusion from a source other than God. At the time, Descartes may have seen this as irrational. But, today it is easier to imagine that this is possible through either superior technology, or through some type of force of mental control. The idea that superior technology is able to supply humans with the active faculty for producing sense ideas can be exemplified through the movie â€Å"The Matrix†. In the movie it is a superior technology that controls mankind and projects into their mind that corporeal things are real, when in fact it is just images being projected into their minds that supplies them with what they believe is reality. Not only does Descartes assume that it is God who put this propensity to believe in our minds, but this follows Descartes assumption that God exists. While Descartes has an argument that proves the existence of God, it is possible to argue against the existence of God. If that argument can be objected to, this also would provide more than enough doubt to discount the soundness of Descartes’ argument that corporal things exist. The debate upon the existence of God is not necessary for my objection, however, as I have already provided doubt to the premise even if God does exist. The ability to fathom a different idea than God putting this active faculty in corporal things provides enough doubt that it is possible to question the soundness of Descartes foundationalist argument. How would Descartes defend his view against this objection? I think that the possibility of this, provides a similar problem to that of our dreams. If that would be projected upon us, we still are thinking, and therefore still continue to exist. So there must be some type of reality in which we are centered in. This would lead us to believe that either this â€Å"matrix† is reality, or there is some other kind of reality. Since we know that this â€Å"matrix† is not reality, there must be some other kind of reality. This makes it difficult for us to understand what reality truly is. The possibility of this makes me think Renee Descartes would have to submit that what he believed as justified truths, can not be so. This thought would not only shake this premise, but would compromise the rest of his argument for the belief that corporeal things exist. With the inability to clearly justify statements he previously believed to be true, I believe that Descartes would have a more difficult time trying to prove that corporeal things exist. I also believe that without this premise, this whole argument looses it’s soundness because of the dependency upon God being the supplier of our propensity to believe that corporeal things exist. This one belief being no longer justified, in the nature of foundationalism, would necessarily effect the nonbasic justified beliefs of Descartes which previously were believed to be justified. The more beliefs which are no longer justified, work only to further the process and dejustify beliefs dependent upon the previous ones.

Nell

Nell, a 26-year-old single lady ends up deserted by her beau in Paris one day. The hotel where she booked her room at, she finds that the room she has saved has been twofold reserved and ends up imparting the space to an American lady. Since Nell is an uncertain lady, she feels tentative about remaining in Paris and thinks about returning home, yet she chooses to remain when she discovers two tickets to a craftsmanship appear, left behind by an American lady. At the workmanship appear, Nell has a second experience with Fabian, a server and battling essayist whom she spilled her wine on the prior night. Discouraged over an ongoing separation and the loss of a large portion of his novel, that had been blown into the lanes of Paris the day preceding, Fabian winds up attracted to Nell when he recognizes her crying close to one of the canvases in the show. He approaches her out for an espresso, and she acknowledges. Here, the two associate sincerely and mentally, and Fabian requests that Nell go out with him that night to a bar where he is getting together with a couple of companions. Nell acknowledges. Before going out, Nell goes to a close-by shop and purchases another outfit since she needs to appear â€Å"Parisian.† At that point Fabian grabs Nell and takes her on a tornado voyage through Paris, and later they go to different bars, drinking and moving. They spend the whole night together, and they in the long run travel on the Seine, which is Fabian's dad's watercraft, the Rose de Paris. Fabian reveals to Nell that is father's business is enduring, and Nell recommends another strategy for success for the vessel, one outfitted towards giving sentimental, modified visits. Toward the beginning of the day, Fabian attempts to give Nell a kiss however, the two are hindered by the custodian of Nell's inn. Fabian asks Nell to supper. Meanwhile, Nell's companions back in England have found that Nell's beau, Peter, did not go on the outing since he needed to go out drinking with his companions. They constrain Peter on a plane that takes him to Paris. Nell spends her day strolling the boulevards of Paris with no specific arrangement, which is exceptionally bizarre, as she is generally extremely strict about making a motivation and adhering to it. Before coming back to the lodging she purchases the green dress. Later, Fabian picks her up and they begin strolling to a yard where Fabian has sitting tight for them a private supper with one of his companions dressed like a server. In transit, Nell got the telephone call that Peter is at the lodging. She pardons herself, and Fabian surmises that it is her boyfriend. At the hotel, Nell meets up with Peter, who is dressed carelessly and is hesitant to take Nell out to supper, expressing that he would want to have a snooze and room service. Nell is given a note by the attendant that clarifies that Peter had been constrained onto the plane by Nell's companions. After perusing this, Nell leaves Peter. Nell makes up for lost time with Fabian at a bar and the two rejoin and have an awesome time. Toward the night's end, they go to Fabian's condo, where Fabian peruses a few pages from a diary Nell has brought along, and Nell peruses pages of Fabian's novel. Fabian informs Nell regarding another original thought he has, which has a fundamental character fundamentally the same as Nell. Nell likes his thought then, they kiss, and Nell spends the night. Toward the beginning of the day Fabian strolls Nell home and they part without an arrangement to get together once more. A half year later, Nell gets an advancement at her activity. She is apathetic about it, and soon thereafter when she is giving an introduction to people keen on discovering work in her organization she closes the introduction by disclosing to them how dull corporate presence is. Later, Nell leaves the room, goes to the PC, and looks into Fabian's dad's watercraft. She finds that Fabian's dad had utilized her thought and that the vessel has become extremely famous. Nell considers her mom on the telephone and advises her mother to meet her at the movement office. Nell goes to Paris and sheets Fabian's dad's boat, yet Fabian isn't there. Nell discloses to Fabian's dad how she had succumbed to Fabian, and Fabian's dad calls Fabian. While orbiting the city, they discover Fabian looking out for one of Seine's scaffolds, and he hops into the pontoon. He reveals to Nell that he has a distributor for Fabian's new novel. Nell questions him on how it closures and he reveals to her he let the characters choose. The book closes with Nell revealing to Fabian the amount she constantly enjoyed cheerful endings.

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Trade Practices Essay On the material date of 19th December 1997, the Australian Rugby League (ARL) disclosed its intention to enter into partnership with News Ltd to run rugby league that unites their respective leagues on condition that the conglomeration of teams under the ARL news would be reduced to fourteen teams. As a result, souths, which was excluded from participating in the National Rugby league in the year 2000 brought a claim on grounds that the action taken by ARL, News, NRLI and NRL was unlawful as it contravened the provisions of section 45 as read with section 52 of the Trade Practices Act (1974). These provision stipulate the general rules. In section 52 corporations are not entitled in the course of transacting in trade to engage in conduct that is misleading or deceptive.   In echoing this principle, section 45 prohibits the making of contract arrangements that are discriminatory on the basis that they exclude certain persons or corporations. Issues in Question Whether ARL and News were competitive partners at the time they entered into the contract and made exclusionary provisions. Whether the inclusion of the 14-team term was to the effect of restricting, limiting and/or preventing trade. Whether the victim was a specific person or class of persons. It was established in both courts that the souths fell under the description of particular persons under section 4D Tests used to resolve the case ARL and News were not competitive partners at the time of establishing the 14 team term as they had merged to form National Rugby League therefore section 45 and 4D did not apply Souths had failed to establish the respondent’s intention to prevent or restrict their trade, as the 14- team was part of a selection process due to their successful performance. Holding: Partners who are competitors and enter into a contract that intends to provide less services or goods would have contravened section 45 at the time the exclusion is made Reference South Sydney District, Rugby Football Club Ltd V. News Ltd (2002) Appeal Case

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The Negative Human Effects On Marine Resources Environmental Sciences Essay What negative effects do human activities have on Marine and Coastal resources from Addington Beach to Aliwal Shoal? The coastline of South Africa stretches for 3000km of which 80% consists of sandy beaches backed by low sand dunes. The focused areas of Addington Beach through to Aliwal Shoal, which contain diversity of fish and other species (including whales, seabirds and tunas), provide opportunities for economic and social activities including development opportunities, fishing, agriculture and recreation. These resources are important as they make up a rich asset to the Southern Coastal areas of South Africa. However, Marine and Coastal resources such as these areas all along the South African coast are being affected negatively due to driving forces mostly caused by various human activities. 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Because of this increase of dependency the coastal cities have developed rapidly and are as a result having negative influences on the marine and coastal resources. Irreversible changes are occurring due to these influences such as overexploitation of resources, destruction of natural habitats and an increase of wastes and pollution which smother and kill organisms and lead to water quality deterioration. POPULATION GROWTH GRAPH/TABLE. Emissions to sea by sewage and shipping are also a huge cause of the negative effects of marine and coastal resources. Daily industrial effluents and sewage are released into the sea via discharge pipelines near Durban Harbour and by sewage pipes all alone the south coast. These emissions are not only harmful to human health but also have a devastating effect on water quality and may contaminate many organisms. FIGURE 4.8 (effluent pipelines off the South African coast after Cloete 1979) Shipping is also a serious contributor to the degrading of marine and coastal resources. South Africa is situated on one of the biggest ship transport routes of the world and Durban Harbour is one of the few ports often stopped at. Due to weather and sea conditions and the wait to be docked in the port, major marine pollution incidents take place as oil spills and waste dumping takes place. Waters are thus polluted and these wastes and pollutions are transported along the south coast, by the Aguhlus current, and infect and destroy resources along the coastlines of South Africa. The extracting of natural resources such as fishing too affects the marine and coastal resources. Both commercial and recreational fishing are primary economic activities which together can generate more than 158 000 people and R3 billion annually (CMPP, 2005). The improvement of fishing methods results in a greater number and variety of fish being caught and as a consequence of this, fish stocks are decreasing in size and several species are facing possible extinction. Other human recreational activities, besides fishing, that may negatively affect marine and coastal resources include scuba diving or yachting. TABLE OF DATA FOR FISH NUMBERS: Durban Harbour and Addington Beach: IMAGE OF POLLUTION IN DURBAN HARBOUR: Both the Durban Harbour and Addington Beach are sound examples of coastal areas that have been urbanized and as a result are polluted and negatively effected by human activity. Shipping and the wastes excreted by the industrial companies in the Durban harbour area are a huge cost to the marine and coastal resources in the area. Fish and other animals are being killed or having their habitats affected or destroyed and the general water pollution in the area has increased drastically over the past few years and as a result the water quality has rapidly decreased. FIGURE 4.10 (Isogram depicting classification of the surf-zone at 28 sampling stations) The harbour pollution caused by oil and chemical spills, organic waste dumping and general excretions by the ships docking at the harbour or waiting out at sea to be docked in port. This pollution be the harbour is affecting the resources of surrounding beaches as well, such as North Beach, South Beach, Bay of Plenty and Addington Beach who as a result of the pollution have each lost their Blue Flag status after failing water quality tests. These losses of our Blue Flag status has also had negative effects on the tourism industry but most importantly reinforces the fact that the water quality and pollution is at an unacceptable level and the surrounding litter and destruction of the coasts have too become a state of disaster. Reports about heavily polluted water flowing into the Durban Harbour via the Umhlatuzana River for periods of nine months have also surfaced in recent years. Illegal discharges of wastes and sewage are being flooded into the Durban areas and are too polluting the water badly and destroying species and habitats and are decreasing fish stocks. (Raven, 2008). A great concern about these pollutions and wastes entering the sea near the Durban harbour and other areas is that these wastes are being transported all along the coast of South Africa via the Aguhlus current right down to areas such as Aliwal Shoal. Aliwal Shoal is not only an area being affected by wastes from human urbanization but also by recreational activities and tourism sites. IMAGE OF ALGUHLAS CURRENT Aliwal Shoal: DIAGRAM OF ALIWAL SHOAL: Aliwal Shoal is 50km south of Durban, was formed by a sand dune almost 80 000 years ago and is the home of many different species of fish and other marine organisms such as sea turtles, humpback whales, dolphins and the tiger shark. Recently there has been a hard battle to preserve Aliwal Shoal and many have taken a stand to fight for the protection of the area and marine life from pollution and tourists. Due to the research that was started over 10 years ago by the Natal Sharks Board, the region of Aliwal Shoal has been threatened by environmental pollution. Divers would report on the behaviour of sand tiger sharks at monthly meetings after observing them during dives and collecting data. During the early years of research destruction of Aliwal Shoal became a large concern as the Saiccor cellulose plant, being dumped into the ocean at Umkomaas, was untreated and was polluting the waters. The matter reduced visibility and formed foam that made beaches unusable. However, a solution to this was found by the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“South Coast Marine Pipeline Forum (SCMPLF)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . The Saiccor pipelines were extended to a water treatment plant and the water quality in Aliwal started to improve. The next problem is rooted in this sudden improvement to clear water as diving tourism became very appealing to many. At certain times 20 boats can be seen on the Aliwal Shoal and some even equipped with spears for the sharks and other marine life. In 2009, a huge movement to receive the necessary protection of Aliwal Shoal from pollution and excessive diving is being driven. This unique marine region is in need of laws and regulations that protect it from any more damages to the environment that may be caused by detrimental human activities such as dumping, shipping, pollution transported from Durban Harbour and diving. (Andrew C.R, 2009).